This is a WW2 printed cloth armband for SHANGHAI British Adult Residents interned by the Japanese. The armband is in excellent condition and measures 142mm (twice plus the elastic) by 96mm.
The Japanese after seizing the Shanghai International Settlement (December 1941) did not proceed to round up Allied citizens. Most of the individuals involved were British. Japanese authorities ordered the British and American adults to register. They had to register their factories, warehouses, bank accounts and real estate. Soon the Japanese froze or confiscated these assets. A few civilians were exchanged with the United States (beginning March 1 1942). The Japanese ordered “hostile citizens” to wear red armbands. This means citizens of countries at war with Japan (October 1, 1942). This was apparently necessary to distinguish the Europeans as the Germans and Italians wee allies and the French were neutral. Letters were added to the armbands to designate nationality (“A” for America, “B” for Britain, “N” for Netherlands, and “X” for others). These “hostile citizen” were prohibited from frequenting city entertainment sites, including theaters, cinemas, bars, clubs and bars (October 15, 1942). Subsequently authorities in the French Settlement also forbade American and British citizens to frequent parks and theaters. The Japanese next seized the property of the hostile citizens, including radios, cameras, furniture, fans, and stoves (November 13, 1942). The Japanese added citizens of other countries to the hostile list as more countries declared war on Japan: Australia, Belgium, Canada, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Nicaragua, Panama, and South Africa. This was a little confusing as several countries which declared war were not added to the list, including Brazil, Columbia, Greece, Iran, Iraq, Greece, and Mexico. Brazil had a substantial Japanese population. Very small numbers of people were involved in Shanghai from these different countries. The Japanese finally began to roundup and intern (February 15, 1943).
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